Portugal

Portugal is located on the western coastline of the Iberian Peninsula in Southern Europe. Rolling plains in the south shift to mountains in the north, and the country is crossed by the Tagus River. The country also includes the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira Islands. Most of the country is used for human activities, in its majority by rainfed agriculture. Portugal has high biodiversity rarity of terrestrial land vertebrates at a global scale. When analysed as single taxons, the rarity of birds, mammals and reptiles is also high. The rarity of marine fish and mammals is also high. Challenges to biodiversity include soil erosion; air pollution; and water pollution.