Colombia

Colombia rises from lowland coasts to the heights of the Andes Mountains. It is the only country in South America to border the Atlantic (Caribbean Sea) and Pacific Oceans. Most of the country is used for human activities, in its majority by rangeland. Colombia has high biodiversity rarity of terrestrial land vertebrates at a global scale. When analysed as single taxons, the rarity of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles is also high. The rarity of marine fish and mammals is also high. Challenges to biodiversity include deforestation soil erosion; soil and water pollution from pesticides; and air pollution.