Peru

Peru borders the Pacific Ocean on the western coast of South America. Its varied terrain includes the source of the Amazon River and volcanoes in the Andes Mountains. Most of the country is used for human activities, in its majority by rangeland. Peru has high biodiversity rarity of terrestrial land vertebrates at a global scale. When analysed as single taxons, the rarity of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles is also high. The rarity of marine fish and mammals is also high. Challenges to biodiversity include deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; air pollution; coastal and river pollution of rivers and coastal waters; and overfishing.